同化物與有害微量元素

   　 多見的內(nèi)生同化物要緊有硫化物、硅酸鹽、氧化物等。它們在鋼中的數(shù)目和組成與鋼的成分、冶煉質(zhì)量、澆注歷程以及脫氧技巧有關(guān)。熔點高的內(nèi)生同化，凝集先于基體金屬，結(jié)晶不受阻礙，出現(xiàn)為有準(zhǔn)則的棱角外形；熔點較低的內(nèi)生同化，由于受已凝集金屬的限制，形狀多為球或條狀、枝晶狀沿晶界漫衍。硫化物與塑性較好的硅酸鹽組元，當(dāng)鋼錠經(jīng)鍛壓變形時，沿主變形方向延長，呈條帶狀。

　　 對策是：

    　1）鋼液真空處理，爐外精煉，控制鋼液質(zhì)量；

   　 2）清潔澆注，防止外來同化污染與異金屬進(jìn)人；

　    3）合理鑄造變形，改善同化漫衍。

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Assimilate and harmful trace elements

    The more common endogenous assimilates are tightly sulfides, silicates, oxides, and the like. Their number and composition in steel are related to the composition of the steel, the quality of the smelting, the casting history and the deoxidation techniques. Endogenous assimilation with high melting point, agglutination precedes the matrix metal, crystallization is unimpeded, appears as a ruled angular shape; endogenous assimilation with lower melting point, due to the limitation of the agglomerated metal, the shape is mostly spherical or strip, The dendrites are distributed along the grain boundaries. The silicate component with good sulfide and plasticity, when the steel ingot is deformed by forging, is elongated in the direction of main deformation and is strip-like.

The countermeasures are:

     1) Vacuum treatment of molten steel, refining outside the furnace, controlling the quality of molten steel;

    2) Clean the pouring to prevent external assimilation of pollution and the entry of different metals;

3) Reasonable casting deformation and improved assimilation.